Writing gymnastics: Arthur Higgins and the authorship of gymnastics manuals (1896-1934)

Abstract

Objectives: This article addresses aspects of master of gymnastics and author of manuals Arthur Higgins’ trajectory to comprehend the authorship conditions of his textbooks on gymnastics, published between 1896 to 1934 in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Methodology: Works on the field of History of books were important theoretical-methodological approach for this article. The notion of networks of sociability was also engaged. Results and discussions: Higgins had various professional and institutional connections, initiating his works as gymnastics teacher in Colégio Pedro II and Escola Normal da Côrte, where he developed a long career. His textbooks were written at the heart of this professional activities, but were also penetrated by his other occupations, such as journalism. His connections to individuals from Rio de Janeiro’s society were other noticeable influence. Final considerations: Higgins’ action as an author of textbooks on gymnastics was work as gymnastics master and challenged by his other occupations and his network of sociability.