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Este artigo explora a “virada social” nos estudos da recordação nas Ciências Sociais. Iniciamos discutindo o trabalho clássico de Frederic Bartlett (1932), que situa a recordação em “cenários organizados”, termo preferido para definir a noção de “esquema”. Voltamonos então para diversas abordagens que seguem a trilha da agenda discursiva de Bartlett, como os estudos históricos de Fentress and Wickam’s (1992), o trabalho etnográfico de Jennifer Cole (2001), os programas historico-sociológicos e de comunicação de Michael Schudson (1992) e Barry Schwartz (2000), a reavaliação sociológica da comemoração de Paul Connerton’s (1989), a fenomenologia de Edward Casey (1987) e o trabalho sociocultural de James Wertsch (2002). O objetivo é examinar como podemos aproximar a memória como objeto de estudo na psicologia social da experiência. Isso envolve a rememoração e o esquecimento como atividades sociais, públicas, em que a experiência individual é necessariamente mediada pela experiência coletiva.
Abstract:
This article explores the “social turn” in the study of remembering across the social sciences. We begin by discussing the classic work developed by Frederic Bartlett (1932), in which the conduct of remembering is situated within “organized settings” (Bartlett’s preferred definition of “schemas”). We then turn to a number of approaches that follow in the wake of Bartlett’s discursive agenda, such as Fentress and Wickam’s (1992) historical studies, Jennifer Cole’s (2001) ethnographic work, the communication and sociohistorical programmes of Michael Schudson (1992) and Barry Schwartz (2000), Paul Connerton’s (1989) sociological re-evaluation of commemoration, the phenomenology of Edward Casey’s (1987) phenomenology and James Wertsch’s (2002) sociocultural work. Our aim is to examine how to approach memory as a topic of study in a social psychology of experience. This involves approaching remembering and forgetting as public, social activities in which individual experience is necessarily mediated by collective experience.
Key words: Social psychology of experience. Memory. Communicative action. Conventionalization. Objectification. Mediation
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