Determinantes do desempenho no atletismo
uma perspectiva dos treinadores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20396/conex.v20i00.8666327Palavras-chave:
Atletismo, Desempenho atlético, Aptidão, TreinadoresResumo
Introdução: a avaliação do potencial esportivo é uma etapa importante na descoberta de novos talentos e deve utilizar preditores relevantes do desempenho. Objetivo: investigar a importância atribuída por treinadores aos determinantes do desempenho no atletismo, analisando diferenças entre os tipos de prova. Metodologia: participaram 12 treinadores brasileiros de atletismo (11 homens; 83% de Minas Gerais; 75% com experiência no alto rendimento e 42% com títulos internacionais). Aplicou-se um questionário contendo seis fatores e 51 indicadores do desempenho no atletismo. Os treinadores responderam em relação a importância atribuída aos fatores antropométrico, físico-motor, técnico, tático, psicológico e socioambiental, numa escala Likert (1-nada importante e 5-extremamente importante) e a ordem de importância, considerando do 1º ao 6º mais importante. Avaliaram ainda a importância para o desempenho de velocistas, fundistas, saltadores, lançadores e provas combinadas. Resultados e discussão: a ordem de importância dos fatores de desempenho foi: 1º) Físico-motor, 2º) Técnico, 3º) Psicológico, 4º) Antropométrico, 5º) Tático e 6º) Socioambiental. O fator tático, entretanto, foi o mais importante para os fundistas e atletas de provas combinadas. Conclusão: a opinião dos treinadores revelou que as características físico-motoras, técnicas e psicológicas são, nesta ordem, os principais fatores determinantes do desempenho no atletismo. Porém, é preciso considerar as diferenças observadas em relação aos grupos de provas, pois cada um apresenta particularidades que caracterizam um perfil específico.
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