Banner Portal
Uma revisão dos fundamentos do estudo de inclusões fluidas aquosas e de petróleo
Reconstrução de uma manada de Aelosaurus maximus com indivíduos de idades variadas (Pintura de Ariel Milani Martine).
PDF

Palavras-chave

Geologia. Inclusões fluidas. Geologia econômica. Geologia do petróleo.

Como Citar

PESTILHO, André Luiz Silva; MONTEIRO, Lena Virgínia Soares. Uma revisão dos fundamentos do estudo de inclusões fluidas aquosas e de petróleo. Terrae Didatica, Campinas, SP, v. 13, n. 2, p. 71–92, 2017. DOI: 10.20396/td.v13i2.8650084. Disponível em: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/td/article/view/8650084. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2024.

Resumo

Este trabalho visa introduzir as bases conceituais, a filosofia e o estado da arte atual do estudo de inclusões fluidas. O texto inicia com uma breve visão geral de desenvolvimento histórico e do estado atual desse campo de estudo. A partir deste ponto são abordados os principais conceitos quanto a origem das inclusões fluidas e as premissas básicas para interpretação dos parâmetros derivados das inclusões (Regras de Roedder). Por fim, são apresentadas as bases da intepretação dos dados microtermométricos, com exemplos de sistemas químicos de inclusões fluidas aquosas, além de uma revisão dos conceitos que envolvem o estudo das inclusões fluidas de petróleo.
https://doi.org/10.20396/td.v13i2.8650084
PDF

Referências

Aplin A.C., Mcleod G., Larter S.R., Pedersen K.S., Sorensen H., Booth T. 1999. Combined use of confocal laser microscopy and PVT simulation for estimating the composition and physical properties of petroleum in fluid inclusions. Mar. Pet. Geol., 16:97-110.

Atkinson A.B. 2002. A model for the PTX properties of H2O-NaCl. 2002. Blacksburg: Virginia Tech. 133 p. (Dissertação de Mestrado.)

Bakker R.J. 1999. Optimal Interpretation of Microthermometrical Data from Fluid Inclusions: Thermodynamic Modelling and Computer Programming. Heidelberg: Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg. 54 p. (Tese de Habilitação.)

Bakker R.J. 2011. The use of quantities, units and symbols in fluid inclusion research. ECROFI, 21. Abstracts. Austria, Leoben, Montanuniversität Leoben, p. 5-11.

Bakker R.J. 2012a. Package FLUIDS. Part 4: thermodynamic modelling and purely empirical equations for H2O-NaCl-KCl solutions. MineralPetrol., 105:1-29.

Bakker R.J. 2012b. Can the vapour phase be neglected to estimate bulk salinity of halite bearing aqueous fluid inclusions? Cent. Eur. J. Geosci., 4(2):238-245.

Bakker R.J., Brown P.E. 2003a. Chapter 7: Computer modelling in fluid inclusion research. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 175-204. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Balhaus C.G., Stumpfl E.F. 1986. Sulfide and platinum mineralization in the Merensky Reef: evidence from hydrous silicates and fluid inclusions. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 94:193-204.

Basuki N.I., Spooner E.T.C. 2002. A review of fluid inclusion temperatures and salinities in Mississippi valley-type Zn–Pb deposits: identifying thresholds for metal transport. Explor. Min. Geol., 11(1):1-17.

Bodnar R.J. 1990. Petroleum migration in the Miocene Monterey Formation, California, U.S.A.: Constraints from fluid-inclusion studies. Mineral. Mag., 54:295-304.

Bodnar R.J. 1993. Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-NaCl solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57:683-684. Bodnar R.J. 1994. Synthetic fluid inclusions. XII. Experimental determination of the liquidus and isochores for a 40 wt. % H2O-NaCl solution. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58:1053-1063.

Bodnar R.J. 2003a. Capítulo 1: Introduction to fluid inclusions. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 1-8. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Bodnar R.J. 2003b. Chapter 5: Introduction to Aqueous-Electrolyte Fluid Inclusions. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 81-100. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Bodnar R.J. 2003c. Chapter 8: Re-equilibration of fluid inclusions. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 213-231. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Bodnar R.J., Bethke P.M. 1984. Systematics of stretching of fluid inclusions. I. Fluorite and sphalerite at 1 atmosphere confining pressure. Econ. Geol., 79:141-161.

Bodnar R.J., Bins P.R., Hall D.L. 1989. Synthetic fluid inclusions. VI. Quantitative evaluation of the decrepitation behavior of fluid inclusions in quartz at one atmosphere confining pressure. J. Metamorph. Petrol., 7:229-242.

Bodnar R.J., Vityk M.O. 1994. Interpretation of Microthermometric data for H2O-NaCl fluid inclusions. In: De Vivo B., Frezzotti M.L. eds. 1994. Fluid Inclusions in Minerals: Methods and Applications. EUA, Virginia, Blacksburg: Virginia Tech, p. 117-130.

Boiron M.C., Essarraj S., Sellier E., Cathelineau M., Lespinasse M., Poty B. 1992. Identification of fluid inclusions in relation to their host microstructural domains in quartz by cathodoluminescence. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56:115-185.

Bourdet J., Pironon J., Levresse G., Tritlla J. 2008. Petroleum type determination through homogenization temperature and vapour volume fraction measurements in fluid inclusions. Geofluids, 8:46-59.

Brewster D. 1823. On the existence of two new fluids in the cavities of minerals, which are immiscible, and possess remarkable physical properties. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh, 10:1-14.

Burnham C.W. 1997. Chapter 3: Magmas and hydrothermal fluids. In: Barnes H.L. ed. 1997. Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. 3a Ed. EUA, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., p. 63-358.

Burruss R.C. 1981. Hydrocarbon fluid inclusions in studies of sedimentary diagenesis. In: Hollsster L.S., Crawford M.L. orgs. 1981. Short Course in Fluid Inclusions: Applications to Petrography, 6:138-156.

Burruss R.C. 2003. Chapter 6: Petroleum Fluid Inclusions: An Introduction. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 159-174. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Campbell A.R., Hackbart C.J., Plumlee G.S. Petersen, U. 1984. Internal features of ore minerals seen with the infrared microscope. Econ. Geol., 79:1387-1392.

Chen Y., Ge Y., Zhou Z., Zhou Y. 2015. Water, is it necessary for fluid inclusions forming in calcite? J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 133:103-107.

Chi G., Ni P. 2007. Equations for calculation of NaCl/(NaCl + CaCl2) ratios and salinities from hydrohalite-melting and ice-melting temperatures in H2O–NaCl–CaCl2 system. Acta Petrol. Sinica, 23:33-37.

Collins, A.G. 1975. Geochemistry of Oilfield Waters. 1a Ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, 495 p. (Developments in Petroleum Science, 1.)

CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientic Industrial Research Organisation). 1996. Peter J. Eadington, Mark Lisk, Francis W. Krieger. Identifying oil well sites. US PATENT n° 5543616. 6 agosto 1996.

Davy H. 1822. On the state of water and aëriform matter in cavities found in certain crystals. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, 112:367-376.

Diamond L.W. 2003a. Chapter 3: Systematics of H2O inclusions. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 55-79. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Diamond L.W. 2003b. Chapter 5: Introduction to gas-bearing, aqueous fluid inclusions. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 101-158. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Diamond L.W. 2003c. Glossary: Terms and symbols used in fluid inclusion studies. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 363-372. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Doppler G., Bakker R.J., Baumgartner M. 2013. Fluid inclusion modification by H2O and D2O diffusion: the influence of inclusion depth, size, and shape in re-equilibration experiments. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 165:1259-1274. 2013.

Eadington P.J., Kempton R.H. 2008. New developments to investigate models of oil accumulation and fluid interactions in reservoirs using data from fluid inclusions. The APPEA J., 48. 1 CD-ROM.

Faiziev A.R., Alidovov B.A. 1976. Thermometry of minerals with perfect cleavage. Soviet Geol. Geophys., 17:118-121.

Frezzotti M.L., Tecce F., Casagli A. 2012. Raman specRaman spectroscopy for fluid inclusion analysis. J. Geochem. Exp., 112:1-20.

Gagnon J., Samson I., Fryer B. 2003. Capítulo 12: Laser Ablation ICP-MS Analysis of Fluid Inclusions. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 291-319. (Short Course Series, 32.)

George S.C., Lisk M., Eadington P.J. 2004. Fluid inclusion evidence for an early, marine-sourced oil charge prior to gas-condensate migration, Bayu-1, Timor Sea, Australia. Mar. Pet. Geol., 21:1107-1128.

George S.C., Volk H., Ahmed M. 2007. Geochemical analysis techniques and geological applications of oil-bearing fluid inclusions, with some Australian case studies. J. Pet. Sci. Eng., 57:119-138.

Gleeson S.A. 2003. Chapter 9: Bulk analysis of electrolytes in fluid inclusions. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 233-247. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Goldstein R.H. 2001. Fluid inclusions in sedimentary and diagenetic systems. Lithos, 55:159-193.

Goldstein R.H. 2003. Capítulo 2: Petrographic analy sis of fluid inclusions. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 9-53. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Goldstein R.H., ReynoldS T.J. 1994. Systematics of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals. EUA, Tulsa: SEPM, 199 p. (SEPM Short Courses, 31.)

Goldstein R.H. 2001. Fluid inclusions in sedimentary and diagenetic systems. Lithos, 55:159-193.

Hall D.L., Sterner S.M., Bodnar R.J. 1988. Freezing point depression of NaCl-KCl-H2O solutions. Econ. Geol., 83:197-202.

Hall D.L., Bodnar R.J. 1990. Methane in fluid inclusions from granulites: A product of hydrogen diffusion? Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54:641-651.

Hall D.L., Bodnar R.J., Craig J.R. 1991. Evidence for post entrapment diffusion of hydrogen into peak metamorphic fluid inclusions from the massive sulfide deposits at Ducktown, Tennessee. Am. Mineral., 76:1344-1355.

Hall D.L., Sterner S.M. 1995. Experimental diffusion of hydrogen into synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz. J. Metamorph. Geol., 13:345-355.

Hall D.L., Sterner S.M., Wheeler J.R. 1993. One-atmosphere decrepitation behavior of synthetic fluid inclusions in natural calcite: Implications for the preservation of calcite-hosted inclusions during burial. Arch. Mineral., 49:91-92.

Hanor J.S., Mcintosh J.C. 2007. Diverse origins and timing of formation of basinal brines in the Gulf of Mexico sedimentary basin. Geofluids, 7:227237.

Haynes F.M., Kesler S.E. 1987. Chemical evolution of brines during Mississippi valley-type mineralization: evidence from East Tennessee and Pine Point. Econ. Geol., 82(1):53-71.

Jones D.M., Macleod G. 2000. Molecular Analysis of Petroleum in Fluid Inclusions: A Practical Methodology. Org. Geochem., 31:1163-1173.

Jorge S., Coelho C.E.S., Aquino-Neto F.R. 2011. Analysis of Volatiles in Fluid Inclusions by Direct online Crushing Mass Spectrometry. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 22(3):437-445.

Karlsen D.A., Nedkvitne T., Larter S.R., Bjørlykke K. 1993. Hydrocarbon composition of authigenic inclusions: applications to elucidation of petroleum reservoir filling history. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57:3641-3659.

Kurosawa M., Shimano S., Ishii S., Shima K., Kato T. Quantitative trace element analysis of single fluid inclusion by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE): Application to fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67:4337-4352.

Liu K., Eadington P.J., Kennard J.M., Middleton H.A., George S.C., Ahmed M., Cope P. 2004. Oil migration in the Vulcan Sub-basin, Timor Sea, in Diamond vestigated using GOI and FIS Data. In: Ellis G.K., Baillie P.W., Munson T.J. orgs. Timor Sea Petroleum Geoscience, Proceedings Of The Timor Sea Symposium, Darwin, Northern Territory, 19-20 June 2003.

Northern Territory Geological Survey, Special Publication, 1:333-351. Mavrogenes J.A., Bodnar R.J. 1994. Hydrogen movement into and out of fluid inclusions in quartz: Experimental evidence and geologic implications. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58:141-148.

Maxwell J.C. 1874. Van der Waals on the Continuity of Gaseous and Liquid States. Nature, 10(259):477480.

McCain W. JR. 1990. The Properties of Petroleum Fluids. 2a Ed. EUA, Oklahoma, Tulsa: PennWell Books Co., 548 p.

McMilans R.K. 1987. The application of fluid inclusions to migration of oil and diagenesis in petroleum reservoirs. App. Geochem., 2:585-603.

Montel F. 1993. Phase equilibria needs for petroleum exploration and production industry. Fluid Phase Equilib., 84:343-367.

Munz I.A. 2001. Petroleum inclusions in sedimentary basins: systematic, analytical methods and applications. Lithos, 55:195-212. Munz I.A., Yardley B.W., Gleeson S.A. 2002. Petroleum infiltration of high-grade basement, South Norway: Pressure-Temperature-time-composition (P–T–t–X) constraints. Geofluids, 2:41-53.

Murray R.C. 1957. Hydrocarbon fluid inclusions in quartz. AAPG Bull., 41:950-956.

Naden J. 1996. CalcicBrine: a Microsoft Excel 5.0 add-in for calculating salinities from microthermometric data in the system NaCl–CaCl2–H2O. In: PACROFI, 6, Abstracts... EUA, Madison: UniEUA, Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison, p. 97-98.

Narr W., Burruss R.C. 1984. Origin of reservoir fractures in Little Knife Field, North Dakota. AAPG Bull., 68:1087-1100.

Naumov V.B., Balitskiy V.S., Khetchikov L.N. 1966. Correlation of the temperatures of formation, homogenization and decrepitation of gas-fluid inclusions. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 171:146-148.

Oakes C.S., Bodnar R.J., Simonson J.M. 1990. The system NaCl–CaCl2–H2O: 1. The ice liquidus at 1 atm total pressure. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54:603-610.

Pang L.S.K., George S., Quezada R.A. 1998. A stuA study of the gross compositions of oil-bearing fluid inclusions using high performance liquid chromatography. Org. Geochem., 29(5-7):1149-1161.

Peng D.Y., Robinson D.B. 1976. A new two-constant equation of state. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 15:59-64.

Pestilho A.L.S. 2008. Depósito de Cu-(Zn-Ni) do Alvo Castanha, Província Mineral de Carajás, PA: Evolução Paragenética e dos Fluidos Mineralizantes.Campinas, Univ. Est. Campinas, Inst. Geoc. 85p. (Trab. Con cl. Curso).

Ping H., Thiéry R., Chen H. 2011. Thermodynamic modeling of petroleum inclusions: the prediction of the saturation pressure of crude oils. Geofluids, 11:328-340.

Pironon J., Thiéry R., Ayt Ougougdal M., Teinturier S., Beaudoin G., Walgenwitz F. 2001. FT-IR measurements of petroleum fluid inclusions: methane, n-alkanes and carbon dioxide quantitative analysis. Geofluids, 1:2-10.

Prezbindowski D.R., Larese R.E. 1987. Experimental stretching of fluid inclusions in calcite - Implications for diagenetic studies. Geology, 15:333-336.

Prezbindowski D.R., Tapp J.B. 1991. Dynamics of fluid inclusion alteration in sedimentary rocks: a review and discussion. Org. Geochem., 17:131-142.

Robert F., Kelly W.C. 1987. Ore-forming fluids in Archean gold-bearing quartz veins at the Sigma Mine, Abitibi greenstone belt, Quebec, Canada. Econ. Geol., 82:1464-1482.

Roedder E. 1958. Technique for the extraction and partial chemical analysis of fluid-filled inclusions from minerals. Econ. Geol., 53(3):235-267.

Roedder E. 1962. Studies of fluid inclusions I: Low temperature application of a dual-purpose freezing and heating stage. Econ. Geol., 57:1054-1061.

Roedder E. 1963a. Studies of fluid inclusions II: Freezing data and their interpretation. Econ. Geol., 58(2):167-208.

Roedder E. 1963b. Studies of fluid inclusions III: Extraction and quantitative analysis of inclusions in the milligram range. Econ. Geol., 58(3):353-374.

Roedder E. 1965. Evidence from fluid inclusions as to the nature of the ore-forming fluids. In: Symposium On Problems Of Postmagmatic Ore Deposition. Proceedings… Prague, Serviço Geológico da Czechoslovakia, 2:375-384. il. 13 pranchas.

Roedder E. 1971. Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado. Econ. Geol., 66:98-120.

Roedder E. 1984. Fluid inclusions. EUA, Washington, D.C.: Mineral. Soc. of Am., 644 p. (Reviews in Mineralogy, 12.)

Roedder E., Bodnar R.J. 1980. Geologic pressure determinations from fluid inclusion studies. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 8:263-301.

Roedder E., Bodnar R.J. 1997. Capítulo 13: Fluid inclusion studies of hydrothermal ore deposits. In: Barnes H.L. ed. 1997. Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits. 3a Ed. EUA, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., p. 657-697.

Roedder E., Skinner B.J. 1968. Experimental evidence that fluid inclusions do not leak. Econ. Geol., 63(7):715-729.

Sabouraud C. 1994. Capítulo 5: Solid and fluid investigated clusions of evaporites; gypsum. In: Majithia M. ed. 1994. Evaporite sequences in petroleum exploration. Tradução de India Kohli. França, Paris: Éditions Technip, p. 136-145. (Geological Methods, 1.)

Salvi S., Williams-Jones A.E. 2003. Capítulo 10: Bulk analysis of volatiles in fluid inclusions. In: Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, p. 247-278. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Samson I., Samson I., Anderson A., Marshall D. eds. 2003. Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Canadá, Ottawa: Mineral. Assoc. of Canada, 374 p. (Short Course Series, 32.)

Schiffries C.M. 1990. Liquid-absent, aqueous fluid inclusions and phase equilibria in the system CaCl2-NaCl-H2O. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54:611-619.

Soave G. 1972. Equilibrium constants from a modified Redlich–Kwong equation of state. Chem. Eng. Sci., 27:1197-1203. Sorby H.C. 1858. On the microscopic structure of crystals, indicating the origin of minerals and rocks. Geol. Soc. London Quart. J., 14(1):453-500.

Stasiuk L.D., Snowdon L.R. 1997. Fluorescence micro-spectrometry of synthetic and natural hydrocarbon fluid inclusions: crude oil chemistry, density and application to petroleum migration. Org. Geochem., 12:229-241.

Steele-Macinnis M., Bodnar R.J. 2013. Effect of the vapor phase on the salinity of halite-bearing aqueous fluid inclusions estimated from the halite dissolution temperature. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 115:205-216.

Steele-Macinnis M., Bodnar R.J., Naden J. 2011. Numerical model to determine the composition of H2O–NaCl–CaCl2 fluid inclusions based on microthermometric and microanalytical data. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 75:21-40.

Sterner S.M., Hall D.L., Bodnar R.J. 1988. Synthetic fluid inclusions. V. Solubility relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O under vapor-saturated conditions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52:989-1005.

Sterner S.M., Chou I-M., Downs R.T., Pitzer K.S. 1992. Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O: V. Thermodynamic-PTX analysis of solid-liquid equilibria at high temperatures and pressures. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 56:2295-2309.

Stoffell B., Appold M.S., Wilkinson J.J., Mcclean N.A., Jeffries T.E. 2008. Geochemistry and evolution of Mississippi valley-type mineralizing brines from the Tri-State and Northern Arkansas districts determined by LA-ICP-MS microanalysis of fluid inclusions. Econ. Geol., 103:1411-1435.

Suchý V., Dobeš P., Sýkorová I., Machovič V., Stejskal M., Kroufek J., Chudoba J., Matějovský L., Havelcová M., Matysová P. 2010. Oil-bearing inclusions in vein quartz and calcite and, bitumens in veins: Testament to multiple phases of hydrocarbon migration in the Barrandian basin (lower Palaeozoic), Czech Republic. Mar. Pet. Geol., 27:285-297.

Teinturier S., Elie M., Pironon J. 2003. Oil-cracking processes evidence from synthetic petroleum inclusions. J. Geoch. Explor., 78-79:421-425.

Teinturier S., Pironon J. 2004. Experimental growth of quartz in petroleum environment. Part I: Procedures and Fluid Trapping. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68(11):2495-2507. Thiéry R. 2011.

Thiéry R., Pironon J., Walgenwitz F., Montel F. 2000. PIT (Petroleum Inclusion Thermodynamic): a new modeling tool for the characterization of hydrocarbon fluid inclusions from volumetric and microthermometric measurements. J. Geochem. Exp., 69-70:701-704.

Thiéry R., Pironon, J., Walgenwitz, F., Montel F. 2002. Individual characterization of petroleum fluid inclusions (composition and P-T trapping conditions) by microthermometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy: inferences from applied thermodynamics of oils. Mar. Pet. Geol., 19:847-59.

Tissot B.P., Welte D.H. 1984. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence: A New Approach to Oil and Gas Exploration. 2a Ed. Alemanha, Berlin: Springer2a Ed. Alemanha, Berlin:

Springer-Verlag. 699 p. Tugarinov A.I., Naumov V.B. 1970. Dependence of the decrepitation temperature of minerals on the composition of their gas-liquid inclusions and hardness. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 195: 112-114.

Ulrich M.R., Bodnar R.J. 1988. Systematics of stretching fluid inclusions. II. Barite at one atmosphere confining pressure. Econ. Geol., 83:1037-1046.

Van Den Kerkhof A.M., Hein U.F. 2001. Fluid inclusion petrography. Lithos, 55:27-47.

Vanko D.A. 1988. Temperature, pressure, and composition of hydrothermal fluids, with their bearing on the magnitude of tectonic uplift at mid-ocean ridges, inferred from fluid inclusions in oceanic layer 3 rocks. J. Geophys. Res., 93:4595-4611.

Vanko D.A., Bodnar R.J., Sterner S.M. 1988. Synthetic fluid inclusions: VIII.

Vapor-saturated halite solubility in part of the system NaCl–CaCl2–H2O, with application to fluid inclusions from oceanic hydrothermal systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52:2451-2456.

VTFLinc. 1997. User’s guide. Dinamarca, Lingby: CALSEP A/S, Chemical Engineering Consulting.

Viti C., Frezzotti M-L. 2001. Transmission electron microscopy applied to fluid inclusion investigations. Lithos, 55:125-138.

Vityk M.O., Bodnar R.J., Doukhan J-C. 2000. Synthetic fluid inclusions. XV. TEM investigation of plastic fow associated with reequilibration of fluid inclusions in natural quartz. Cont. Min. Petrol., 139:285-297.

Volk H., Fuentes D., Fuerbach A., Miese C., Koehler W., Bärsch N., Barcikowski S. 2010. First on-line analysis of petroleum from single inclusion using ultrafast laser ablation. Org. Geochem., 41:74-77.

Wang Z., Yang C., Fingas M., Hollebone B., Yim U.H., Oh J.R. 2007. 3 Petroleum Biomarker Fingerprinting for Oil Spill Characterization and Source Identification. In: Wang Z., Stout S.A. eds. 2007.

Oil Spill Environmental Forensics: Fingerprinting And Source Identification. EUA, New York: Elsevier/Academic Press, p. 73-146.

Wilkinson J.J. 2001. Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits. Lithos, 55:229-272.

Williams-Jones A.E., Samson I.M. 1990. Theoretical estimation of halite solubility in the system NaCl–CaCl2–H2O: applications to fluid inclusions. Can. Mineral., 28:299-304.

Xu, G. 2000. Fluid inclusions with NaCl–CaCl2–H2O composition from the Cloncurry hydrothermal system, NW Queensland, Australia. Lithos, 53:21-35.

Terrae Didatica utiliza a licença do Creative Commons (CC), preservando assim, a integridade dos artigos em ambiente de acesso aberto, em que:

  • A publicação se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da língua, respeitando, porém, o estilo dos autores;
  • Os originais não serão devolvidos aos autores;
  • Os autores mantêm os direitos totais sobre seus trabalhos publicados na Terrae Didatica, ficando sua reimpressão total ou parcial, depósito ou republicação sujeita à indicação de primeira publicação na revista, por meio da licença CC-BY;
  • Deve ser consignada a fonte de publicação original;
  • As opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos artigos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.