Palavras-chave
Como Citar
Resumo
The following paper addresses the topic of transnationalism in U.S. territory Puerto Rico. As a previous Spanish colony and current U.S. territory, Puerto Rico provides rich grounds for the study of fluid identities to take place. While transnationalist literature has typically focused on describing contexts of crossed “borders” or cultures in a geo-political sense (cf. Kramsch and Whiteside, 2008; Li and Zhu, 2013), or as subcultural trends that become widespread through developments of globalization (cf. Pennycook, 2006), Puerto Ricans have often been excluded from transnationalist discourses of Latin American communities due to their unique status as U.S. citizens. Through this article I aim to provide an ideological account of the complex voices and identities that make up the language practices of a Puerto Rican transnational. I adopt Jorge Duany’s (2003) concept of “postcolonial peoplehood” alongside Michael Bakhtin’s (1981) heterglossia, to explore the multiple ideological positionings and constructions of self of a returnee migrant. I also incorporate fluid constructs of youth and global subcultures to my descriptive account of variable language use on the island. Thus, taking into account new ways of speaking that have emerged from our globalized economies, technological innovations, and virtual forms of communication (Vertovec, 2009; De Fina & Perrino, 2013; Duff, 2015), and, with it, new ways of constructing meaning in interaction.
One case is provided in which “Puerto Ricanhood” and “American citizenship” is enacted through variable linguistic means. Specifically, I discuss the bilingual practices and identity constructions of Miguel, a returnee migrant from Virginia, as he actively claims his right to local identity by engaging in local registers. By providing Miguel’s case, I demonstrate how different language styles and positionalities may not be boxed into homogenous constructs, rather that an individuals’ speaking style and identities, may be complex and transcendant.
Referências
ALIM, H.S., IBRAHIM, A., & PENNYCOOK, A. (2009). Global linguistic flows: Hip Hop Cultures, Youth Identities, and the Politics of Language. London & New York: Routledge.
BAKHTIN, M. (1981). The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
BASCH, L., GLICK SCHILLER, N., & SZANTON, C. (2005). Nations unbound: Transnational projects, postcolonial predicaments, and deterritorialized nation-states. Routledge.
BLACKLEDGE, A., & CREESE, A. (2015). “Emblems of identities in four European urban settings.” In Nortier and Svendsen’s (eds.) Language, Youth, and Identity in the 21st Century. Cambridge University Press.
BLOMMAERT, J. (2010). The Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
BAUBOCK, R., & FAIST, T. (2009). Diaspora and Transnationalism: Concepts, Theories and Methods. Amsterdam University Press.
BLOMMAERT, J. (2010). The Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
CUTLER, C. (2008). “Keepin’ it Real”: White Hip-Hoppers’ Discourses of Language, Race, and Authenticity. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 13 (2).
DE FINA, A., PERRINO, S. (2013). Transnational Identities. Applied Linguistics, 34 (5), pp. 509–515.
DeSIPIO, L., & PANTOJA, A. D. (2007). Puerto Rican Exceptionalism? A Comparative Analysis of Puerto Rican, Mexican, Salvadoran, and Dominican Transnational Civic and Political Ties. In R. Espino, D.L. Leal, & K.J. Meier Latino Politics: Identity, Mobilization, and Representation. University of Virginia Press.
DUANY, J. (2003). Nation, migration, identity: The case of Puerto Ricans. Latino Studies, 1, pp. 424–444.
DUANY, J. (2003). The Puerto Rican nation on the move. The University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill.
DUFF, P. A. (2015). Transnationalism, Multilingualism, and Identity. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, pp. 57–80.
GAL, S. (2006). Migration, minorities and multilingualism: Language ideologies in Europe. In Language ideologies, policies and practices (pp. 13–27). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
GARDINER, M. (2002). The Dialogics of Critique: M.M. Bakhtin and the Theory of Ideology. Routledge.
GARCÉS-CONEJOS BLITVICH, P. (2018). Globalization, transnational identities, and conflict talk: The superdiversity and complexity of the Latino identity. Journal of Pragmatics, 134, pp. 120–133.
HILL, J. (2008). Syncretism. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 9 (1-2), pp. 244–246.
HOLQUIST, M. (2002). Dialogism: Bakhtin and His World. Routledge.
LEVITT, P., & JAWORSKY, B.N. (2007). Transnational Migration Studies: Past Developments and Future Trends. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33, pp. 129–156.
MACHADO-CASAS, M. (2012). Pedagogías del Cameleón: Identity and Strategies of Survival for Transnational Indigenous Latino Immigrants in the US South. The Urban Review, 44 (5), pp. 534–550.
MELÉNDEZ, E. (2015). Puerto Rican Migration, the Colonial State, and Transnationalism. Centro Journal, XXVII (II), pp. 50–95.
MENDOZA-DENTON, N. (1999). Sociolinguistics and Linguistic Anthropology of US Latinos. Annual Review of Anthropology, 28, pp. 375–395.
MIYOSHI, M. (1993). A Borderless World? From Colonialism to Transnationalism and the Decline of the Nation-State. Critical Inquiry, 19 (4), pp. 726–751.
PORTES, A., GUARNIZO, L. E., & LANDOLT, P. (1999). The study of transnationalism: pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field. Ethnic and racial studies, 22 (2), pp. 217–237.
POUSADA, A. (2007). The sociolinguistic implications of teaching English in Puerto Rico. PRTESOL-Gram, 33 (3), pp. 6–27.
ROSA, J. D. (2016). Standardization, Racialization, Languagelessness: Raciolinguistic Ideologies across Communicative Contexts. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology.
ROSA, J. (2019). Looking like a language, sounding like a race: Raciolinguistic Ideologies and the Learning of Latinidad. Oxford University Press.
SÁNCHEZ, P., & MACHADO-CASAS, M. (2009). At the Intersection of Transnationalism, Latina/o Immigrants, and Education. The High School Journal, 92 (4), pp. 3–15.
SILVERSTEIN, M. (2003). Indexical order and the dialectics of sociolinguistic life. Language & Communication, 23, pp. 193–229.
SCHIEFFELIN, B. B., & OCHS, E. (1986). Language socialization across cultures. Cambridge University Press.
TAGG, C. (2016). Heteroglossia in text-messaging: Performing identity and negotiating relationships in a digital space. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 20 (1), pp. 59–85.
TAGLIAMONTE, S. (2016). Teen Talk: The language of adolescents. Cambridge University Press.
VERVOTEC, S. (2007). Super-diversity and its implications. Ethnic and racial studies, 30 (6), pp. 1024–1054.
O periódico Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada utiliza a licença do Creative Commons (CC), preservando assim, a integridade dos artigos em ambiente de acesso aberto, em que:
- A publicação se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da língua, respeitando, porém, o estilo dos autores;
- Os originais não serão devolvidos aos autores;
- Os autores mantêm os direitos totais sobre seus trabalhos publicados na Trabalhos de Linguística Aplicada, ficando sua reimpressão total ou parcial, depósito ou republicação sujeita à indicação de primeira publicação na revista, por meio da licença CC-BY;
- Deve ser consignada a fonte de publicação original;
- As opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos artigos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade.
Downloads
