Keywords
indigenous language NS
sociolinguistic research
How to Cite
Abstract
In this paper I expand the notion of nativespeakerism (or ideology of the native speaker) and discuss its presence and implications in a few studies about the sociolinguistics of the Mapuche language in Chile. In these studies an assumption is made regarding the inherent advantages of the native speaker (NS) of an indigenous language as a researcher of complex sociolinguistic phenomena, such as language shift, that affect their own group. I argue that this type of nativespeakerism, rather than being a theoretical and methodological alternative for the conceptualization and study of sociolinguistic reality, or exemplifying the emergence of an indigenous and subaltern epistemology, works on an ideological dimension that only contributes to the creation of hierarchies between and within groups, to the definition of power relations, and to the dispute over the legitimacy in the production of knowledge. Thus, this type of nativespeakerism, rather than opening up alternative routes for thinking about sociolinguistic realities, challenging the way these have been studied, limits the ways in which we can conceptualize these phenomena and promotes an essentialist, ahistorical and apolitical view of the complex processes minoritized languages and groups are undergoing. The cases I will discuss, even though reduced in number, refer to two aspects not considered in debates around nativespeakerism (NS researcher / NS of indigenous languages), and, at the same time reveal the paradoxes around the politicization of certain linguistic categories: while the NS is deconstructed and criticized, it is also idealized and fetichized (MUNI TOKE, 2014c). I conclude the paper discussing the implications of this type of nativespeakerism in the context of minoritized indigenous languages in Chile and the study of their sociolinguistic situation.
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