Resumen
Como uno de los principales medios para la construcción de identidades (véase DE FINA, 2015), la narrativa ha sido examinada recientemente en relación con los movimientos de inmigrantes y refugiados. Teniendo a nuestra disposición narrativas autobiográficas escritas y escritas de estudiantes inmigrantes que viven en Grecia, investigamos las identidades que construyen en ella. Nuestra muestra consta de 118 ensayos recogidos de 8 liceos diferentes situados en diferentes partes del Peloponeso, Grecia. Los estudiantes que escribieron los ensayos eran inmigrantes bilingues de diversos orígenes (principalmente de Albania).
El marco teórico más amplio de nuestro estudio es el del Análisis crítico del discurso. Una de las cuestiones de investigación más importantes dentro del Análisis crítico del discurso se refiere a la investigación de la relación entre el macro-nivel de los discursos dominantes y el micro-nivel de los posicionamientos individuales (en el presente caso, narrativo) hacia los discursos dominantes (véase VAN DIJK, 2008). Para el análisis de los posicionamientos narrativos de los estudiantes inmigrantes empleamos el modelo de tres dilemas propuestos por Bamberg (2011) en combinación con el concepto de amenaza facial (BROWN y LEVINSON, 1987).
El análisis muestra que la decisión de algunos estudiantes inmigrantes de revelar su victimización, debido a comportamientos racistas por parte de la mayoría de la gente, constituye una amenaza contra el rostro colectivo de la mayoría de la gente. Apoyamos la afirmación de que estos estudiantes inmigrantes se posicionan de manera compleja hacia el discurso nacional, xenófobo y homogeneizador al proyectarse como víctimas y victimizadores simultáneamente, y así construir identidades híbridas de resistencia.
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