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Introdução: No ensino superior, os estudantes necessitam de desenvolver habilidades cognitivas essenciais para a sua formação acadêmica. Os mapas conceituais são considerados ferramentas educacionais para promover uma aprendizagem significativa desenvolvendo nos estudantes o pensamento crítico, a capacidade de resolução de problemas e a compreensão profunda dos conceitos. Métodos: Foram selecionadas e analisadas as publicações de 1992 a 2017 que utilizaram os mapas conceituais no ensino superior. Resultados: Este artigo descreve os efeitos dos mapas conceituais nas atividades acadêmicas dos estudantes universitários, bem como identifica as suas finalidades e relevância para a promoção da aprendizagem no ensino superior. Nos estudos analisados, são identificados e discutidos os desafios para a integração dos mapas conceituais nas práticas acadêmicas. Conclusão: Apesar de algumas limitações, os mapas conceituais são em geral bem aceitos pelos estudantes como facilitares do processo de aprendizagem. Os mapas conceituais são ferramentas importantes para auxiliar na aprendizagem de estudantes universitários em várias áreas de conhecimento.
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