Circulation of Baroque culture among the Franciscans in the Saint Anthony of Brazil Province: Emblematics and iconographic discourses (Salvador – 18th Century)

Abstract

This paper aims to analyse the crystallization of Baroque culture among the Franciscans in the Saint Anthony of Brazil Province through an iconographic discourse that extensively incorporated elements of Emblematics. This is evident in both azulejos commissioned from Portuguese workshops as also in wood polychrome panels depicting themes from the Litaniæ Lauretanæ in the Saint Francis Convent in Salvador. The use of these allegorical elements is deeply connected to the holdings of convent libraries and the education of the friars. This education commences even before the novitiate, in Latin Grammar classes, and continues in Theology and Philosophy lectures throughout their years of intramural instruction. Formulated through an iconographic discourse manifested in other decorative elements of convents, such as medallion paintings and ceiling panels, a profound connection between Baroque language and the ways of expression of the Franciscan friars’ existence in Portuguese America can be observed. Following the paths of José Antonio Maravall and other scholars of the Baroque phenomenon, including Fernando Rodríguez de la Flor, Giulio Carlo Argan, and Luís de Moura Sobral, this study aims to discuss the circulation of iconographic models and Baroque culture among the Franciscan friars, sheltered in their convent libraries erected between Paraíba and Bahia in the 18th century.