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Os Ácidos Graxos Poli-insaturados Ômega-3 (n-3 PUFA) se referem a um conjunto de lipídios, incluindo os Ácidos Alfa-linolênico (ALA), Eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e Docoxahexaenóico (DHA). Estudos que tratam do papel do n-3 PUFA são abundantes e seu papel cardioprotetor está bem discutido na literatura, porém seus efeitos são mais evidentes na prevenção secundária, isto é, em populações com alguma alteração cardiovascular prévia. Apesar da ausência de fortes evidências em relação à prevenção primária, recomenda-se o consumo de peixe duas vezes por semana, além de outros alimentos fontes do ácido graxo, para pessoas sem doença cardiovascular diagnosticada. Equacionar as recomendações para a saúde e a possibilidade ambiental de atendê-las constitui-se em um grande desafio. As reservas de peixe têm sofrido rápido declínio nos últimos anos devido a seu caráter essencialmente extrativista, pois até mesmo a aquicultura envolve a utilização de pequenos peixes selvagens para a produção de ração. A utilização do óleo de microalgas, como fonte de n-3 PUFA para a aquicultura e para o consumo humano, pode ser uma alternativa, mas deve-se avaliar seu uso com responsabilidade para que haja preservação ambiental e garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional.Referências
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