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A literatura sobre incentivos para conservar a biodiversidade frequentemente sobrepõe processos e resultados. Há necessidade de revisar os principais resultados, como governança e co-manejo; os principais processos, como confiança, legitimidade e transparência; os principais ‘drivers’ (motivadores, fatores impulsionadores) que podem ser positivos (incentivos, segurança alimentar, biodiversidade) ou negativos (poluição, pobreza); como ainda os instrumentos disponíveis para alcançar resultados, como processos colaborativos e conhecimento local (‘local ecological knowledge, LEK’). LEK é sugerida aqui como tendo um grande potencial dentro de processos colaborativos em comunidades pesqueiras. Um Modelo de Ecologia Humana (CAT – Modelos de Adaptação Cultural), adaptado a comunidades pesqueiras de pequena escala, é usado como ferramenta analítica no sentido de organizar processos de ‘feedback’ entre informação ecológica, processos colaborativos e segurança alimentar. Ilustramos a colaboração com os pescadores através de pesquisa realizada em Copacabana (Posto 6), Rio de Janeiro, no estudo de garoupas (Epinephelus marginatus). Avaliamos ainda os motivadores positivos que podem engajar os pescadores no co-manejo, como PSA (Pagamentos de Serviços Ambientais). PSAs podem ser aplicados no co-manejo, como em MPAs (áreas protegidas marinhas) através de pagamento direto a pescadores que ajudem na vigilância dessas áreas.Referências
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