Keywords
Seismic hazards
Analog Models
Earth sciences teaching
How to Cite
Abstract
The elementary physical concepts about seismic waves and how they affect the terrain and the constructions settled on it as a function of the displacements that take place are outlined. The main strategies developed in anti-seismic construction (distributed throughout the building) and seismic-resistant design systems (placed in strategic points) developed to minimize the effects of earthquakes are presented. These strategies may be based on one or more of the following options: reinforcement of the structure, damping of displacements, dissipation of seismic energy, mechanical isolation of the structure from the substrate. A collection of models and activities (simple to assemble and carry out and of low cost) which allow visualization of how the strategies and systems work are afterwards described. In all cases, a discussion about the strengths and weaknesses that each model has is incorporated.
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