Banner Portal
When the obligation to be neutral becomes the right to discriminate
PDF

Keywords

Polish academia
LGBT
non-heteronormativity
Poland
Resistance
Strategies
Homophobia

How to Cite

PAKUŁA, Łukasz; CHOJNICKA, Joanna. When the obligation to be neutral becomes the right to discriminate: discursive struggles over LGBT+ rights at Polish universities. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada, Campinas, SP, v. 59, n. 3, p. 1758–1783, 2021. Disponível em: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/tla/article/view/8661665. Acesso em: 16 aug. 2024.

Abstract

In this article, we discuss the narratives of struggle, resistance, and counter-resistance over the rights of the LGBT+ community at several Polish universities, which remain unnamed in order to protect our informants. In particular, we look at the discourses of LGBT+ groups struggling to establish or maintain organizations of various forms (from students' study circles to union-like institutions) within the context of internal university structure, Polish academic culture and current political developments in the country. This research draws on semi-structured in-depth interviews we conducted in the spring and summer of 2020. In our analyses of the interview material, we apply a multidisciplinary methodological framework combining CDA and narrative inquiry in order to examine linguistic phenomena participating in constructing a particular version of reality through text in talk. Such research design enables us to offer a case study of the difficulties and obstacles faced by LGBT+ activists in the Polish academia the way they understand them, and of the resistance strategies they employ in this particular context. Our research shows a wide range of resistance strategies employed by the LGBT+ community members that can be classified according to the scale of discriminatory practices they form a response to (systemic/individual discrimination) and the type of the response itself (group/individual response). On the basis of the discussed examples, our article offers an interagentive matrix of strategies of addressing LGBT+ issues emerging within the Polish academic context. 

 

PDF

References

Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. Verso.

Bartlett, T. (2012). Hybrid voices and collaborative change: Conceptualizing positive discourse analysis. London: Routledge.

Bartlett, T. (2010). Towards intervention in Positive Discourse Analysis. In C. Coffin, O’Halloran, K., & Illis, T. (Eds.), Applied Linguistics Methods: A Reader (pp. 133–147). Abingdon: Routledge, The Open University.

Burns, A. (2019). Action Research in English Language Teaching: Contributions and Recent Developments. In J. Voogt, G. Knezek, R. Christensen, & K.-W. Lai (Eds.), Second Handbook of Information Technology in Primary and Secondary Education (pp. 1–15). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58542-0_52-1.

Canakis, C., & Kersten-Pejanić, R. (2016). Spray-Canned Discourses Reimagining Gender, Sexuality, and Citizenship Trough Linguistic Landscapes in the Balkans. In S. Goll, M. Mlinarić, & J. Gold (Eds.), Minorities Under Attack: Othering and Right-wing Extremism in Southeast European Societies (pp. 129–160). Harrassowitz Verlag.

CBOS 2019. Stosunek Polaków do związków homoseksualnych. Komunikat z badań nr 90/2019. Warszawa: Fundacja Centrum Badania Opinii Publicznej.

Chojnicka, J., & Pakuła, Ł. (2021). Polish LGBT teachers talking sexuality: Glocalised discourses. In Ł. Pakuła (Ed.), Linguistic perspectives on sexuality in education: Representations, constructions, and negotiations. (pp. 0–0). Palgrave Macmillan.

Chojnicka, Joanna. 2020. Transition Narratives on Polish Trans Blogs: A Discursive Colonization Approach. In: Godovannaya, M., M. Neufeld, S. Shoshanova, K. Wiedlack (eds.) Solidarity, Place and Power: queer-feminist Struggles and the East/West Divide. Bern: Peter Lang, 201-227.

Chojnicka, Joanna 2019. Homosexuality in Latvian and Polish parliamentary debates 1994-2013: A historical approach to conflict in political discourse. In: Jeffries, L., J. O’Driscoll (eds.) The Handbook of Language in Conflict. London: Routledge, 103-127.

Connelly, F. M., & Clandinin, D. J. (2006). Narrative inquiry. In J. L. Green, G. Camilli, & P. Elmore (Eds.), Handbook of complementary methods in education research (pp. 477–487). Lawrence Erlbaum.

Eckert, P., & McConnell-Ginet, S. (1992). Think practically and look locally: Language and gender as community-based practice. Annual Review of Anthropology, 21, 461–490.

Fairclough, Norman & Ruth Wodak 1997. Critical discourse analysis. In T.A. Van Dijk (Ed.), Discourse Studies. A multidisciplinary introduction, vol. 2. Discourse as social interaction (pp. 258-284). London: Sage Publications.

Graff, Agnieszka 2006. We are (not all) homophobes – a report from Poland. Feminist Studies 32 (2): 434-49.

Grundy, P. (1995). Doing Pragmatics. Edward Arnold.

Jej Perfekcyjność 2016. Wyobcowane, wyobcowani. Raport z badań nad sytuacją osób LGBTQ studiujących na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim edycja 2016. Warszawa: Queer UW.

Karioris, F. G., Haywood, C., & Allan, J. A. (2018). An Education in Sexuality and Sociality: Heteronormativity on Campus. Lexington Books.

Khiabany, G., & Williamson, M. (2015). Free speech and the market state: Race, media and democracy in new liberal times. European Journal of Communication. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323115597855.

Lyons, N., & LaBoskey, V. K. (Eds.). (2002). Narrative Inquiry in Practice: Advancing the Knowledge of Teaching. Teachers College Press.

Kłonkowska, Anna. 2017. Płeć: dana czy zadana? Strategie negocjacji (nie)tożsamości płciowej w Polsce. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego.

Kochanowski, Jacek. 2004. Fantazmat ZróżNICowany. socjologiczne studium przemian tożsamości gejów. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Universitas.

Kochanowski, Jacek. 2013. Socjologia seksualności: marginesy. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Kulpa, Robert, and Joanna Mizielińska, eds. 2011. De-centring western sexualities: Central and Eastern European perspectives. Farnham: Ashgate.

Majka-Rostek, Dorota 2019. Medialne coming outy polskich artystów-strategie wizerunkowe. Culture Management/Zarządzanie w Kulturze 20 (2), 181-197.

Martin, James R. 2004. Positive discourse analysis: Solidarity and change. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses 49: 179-200.

Mazurczak, Anna, Marcin Mrowicki & Milena Adamczewska-Stachura 2019. Sytuacja prawna osób nieheteroseksualnych i transpłciowych w Polsce. Międzynarodowy standard ochrony praw człowieka osób LGBT i stan jego przestrzegania z perspektywy Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich. Warszawa: Biuro Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich.

Milani, T. M. (2013). Whither linguistic landscapes?: The sexed facets of ordinary signs. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies. https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/en/publications/whither-linguistic-landscapes-the-sexed-facets-of-ordinary-signs

Morrish, L. (2002). The case of the indefinite pronoun: Discourse and the concealment of lesbian identity in class. In L. Litosseliti & J. Sunderland (Eds.), Gender identity and Discourse analysis (pp. 177–192). John Benjamins.

Morrish, L., & Sauntson, H. (2007). New perspectives on language and sexual identity. Palgrave Macmillan.

Motschenbacher, H. (2020). Walking on Wilton Drive: A linguistic landscape analysis of a homonormative space. Language & Communication, 72, 25–43.

Nowak, Samuel. 2013. Seksualny kapitał. wyobrażone wspólnoty smaku i medialne tożsamości polskich gejów. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Universitas.

Pakuła, Ł. (2019). Befriending the risk(s) in language, sexuality, and education research: Blueprinting for a taxonomy of risks. In C. Danjo, I. Meddegama, D. O’Brien, J. Prudhoe, L. Walz, & R. Wickasono (Eds.), Online Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the British Association for Applied Linguistics: Taking Risks in Applied Linguistics (pp. 86–90). York St John University.

Pakuła, Łukasz (ed.). (2021). Linguistic perspectives on sexuality in education: representations, constructions, and negotiations. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Pakuła, Ł., J. Pawelczyk, & J. Sunderland. (2015). Gender and sexuality in English language education: Focus on Poland. London: British Council.

Ripley, M., Anderson, E., McCormack, M., & Rockett, B. (2012). Heteronormativity in the University Classroom Novelty Attachment and Content Substitution among Gay-friendly Students. Sociology of Education, 85(2), 121–130.

Świder, Magdalena & Mikołaj Winiewski 2017. Situation of LGBTA Persons in Poland. 2015-2016 Report. Warsaw: Campaign Against Homophobia.

Van Dijk, Teun A. 1997. What is political discourse analysis? In J. Blommaert, & C. Bulcaen (Eds.), Political Linguistics (pp. 159-177). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Wodak, R., & Meyer, M. (Eds.). (2015). Methods of Critical Discourse Studies (Third edition). London: SAGE.

Wareing, Shân 2004. What is language and what does it do? In L. Thomas, S. Wareing, I. Singh, & J. Stilwell Peccei (Eds.), Language, society and power: An introduction (pp. 1-16). London: Routledge.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2021 Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.