Como Citar
SILVA, Daniel Nascimento e. The Pragmatics of Chaos: Parsing Bolsonaro’s Undemocratic Language. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada, Campinas, SP, v. 59, n. 1, p. 507–537, 2020. Disponível em: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/tla/article/view/8659107. Acesso em: 25 abr. 2024.
Resumo
Este artigo analisa diferentes camadas da pragmática do caos de Jair Bolsonaro – o nome que dou ao método reflexivo, ordenado e laminado de produzir um sentimento permanente de agitação, névoa e mal-estar em audiências políticas enquanto uma agenda conservadora e de livre mercado é radicalizada no Brasil. Os níveis comunicativos são: história, exemplificada pela carreira pregressa de Bolsonaro nas forças armadas: de sua atividade assemelhada a um líder sindical, à sua prisão e evidências de um plano terrorista; persona, indiciada pelas performances cômicas e não-sérias que o tornaram famoso como deputado federal e que foram midiatizadas em sua ação executiva como presidente; texto e fala, caracterizados por uma textura de enquadre incendiário, cortinas de fumaça, recuo, e evitação de debate; audiências, vistas da perspectiva do populismo digital, pedagógico e performativo que se consolidou em sua campanha, quase inteiramente desenhada para acontecer no espaço não-público de grupos de WhatsApp e em plataformas de mídias digitais, a um só tempo públicas e algorítmicas.
Referências
AUSTIN, John L. (1962) How to do things with words. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
BAKHTIN, Mikhail. (1984) Rabelais and his world. Translated by Helene Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
BAUMAN, R.; BRIGGS, C. (1990) Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. Annual Review of Anthropology, v. 19, pp. 59-88.
BAUMAN, Richard. (1984) Verbal art as performance. Long Grove: Waveland Press.
BLOMMAERT, Jan (2018) Trump’s Tweetopoetics. Crtl+Alt+Dem, January 19, 2018. Available at: https://bit.ly/34DfnV7. (Accessed April 8, 2020)
BLOMMAERT, Jan. (this issue) Political discourse in post-digital societies. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada. v. 59, n. 1.
BOLSONARO, Jair. 1986. O salário está baixo. Veja, 3 setembro 1986, p. 154.
BOURDIEU, Pierre. (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Transl. Richard Nice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
BRIGGS, Charles (1988) Competence in performance: The creativity of tradition in Mexicano verbal art. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
BRIGGS, Charles. (2005) Communicability, racial discourse, and disease. Annual Review of Anthropology. v. 34, pp. 269-291.
BRIGGS, Charles (2011) On virtual epidemics and the mediatization of public health. Language & Communication. v. 31, pp. 217-228.
BRUM, Eliane (2018) How a homophobic, misogynist, racist ‘thing’ could be Brazil’s next president. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/06/homophobic-mismogynist-racist-brazil-jair-bolsonaro (Accessed April 8, 2020)
CARVALHO, Luiz. (2019) O cadete e o capitão: a vida de Jair Bolsonaro no quartel. São Paulo: Todavia.
CESARINO, Leticia (2019) On Digital Populism in Brazil. PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review. Available at: https://polarjournal.org/2019/04/15/on-jair-bolsonaros-digital-populism/ (Accessed April 8, 2020)
CESARINO, Letícia. (2020) Como vencer uma eleição sem sair de casa: a ascensão do populismo digital no Brasil. Internet & Sociedade. v. 1, n. 1, pp. 91-120.
CESARINO, Leticia. (this issue) How social media affords populist politics: remarks on liminality based on the Brazilian case. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada. v. 59, n. 1.
EMBURY-DENNIS, Tom. (2019) Bolsonaro ambassador threatens to choke Macron and insults wife Brigitte amid Amazon fires row: 'He sleeps with a dragon'. Independent, September 2, 2019. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/amazon-fires-bolsonaro-macron-brigitte-renzo-gracie-brazil-ambassador-a9088356.html (Accessed April 8, 2020)
FERRARI, Hamilton (2018) Bolsonaro é alvo de críticas e elogios por voltar atrás em decisões. Correio Braziliense. Available at: https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/11/18/interna_politica,720058/bolsonaro-e-alvo-de-criticas-e-elogios-por-voltar-atras-em-decisoes.shtml (Accessed April 8, 2020)
FRANKFURT, Harry. (2005) On Bullshit. Princeton University Press.
Goffmann, Erving. 1974. Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. New York: Harper and Row.
GRICE, H. Paul. (1975) Logic and Conversation. In: Cole, Peter and Jerry L. Morgan. (Eds.) Syntax and Semantics, v. 3, Speech Acts. New York: Academic Press, pp. 41-58.
GUMPERZ, John. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
HABERMAS, Jürgen. (1989) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
HALL, Kira; GOLDSTEIN, Donna; INGRAM, Matthew (2016) The hands of Donald Trump: entertainment, gesture, spectacle. Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory. v. 6, p. 2, pp. 71-100.
JACQUEMET, Marco. (in press) 45 as a Bullshit artist: Straining for charisma. In: McIntosh, Janet and Norma Mendoza-Denton. (Eds.) Language in the Trump era: Scandals and Emergencies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107-118
KROSKRITY, Paul (2000) Regimenting languages: Language ideological perspectives. In: KROSKRITY, Paul (Ed.) Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities, and identities. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, pp. 1-34.
LACLAU, Ernesto. (2005) On Populist Reason. London: Verso.
MALY, Ico. (this issue) Algorithmic populism and the datafication and gamification of the people by Flemish Interest in Belgium. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada. v. 59, n. 1.
Maly, Ico. New Right Metapolitics and the Algorithmic Activism of Schild & Vrienden. Social Media + Society, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119856700. (Accessed April 8, 2020)
Maly, Ico. Populism as a mediatized communicative relation: the birth of algorithmic populism. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies 213, 2018. https://www.tilburguniversity.edu/sites/tiu/files/download/TPCS_213_Maly_2.pdf
METRO (2018) Regina Duarte compara Bolsonaro a seu pai: 'homofóbico da boca para fora'. Metro Jornal. Available at: https://www.metrojornal.com.br/entretenimento/2018/10/26/regina-duarte-compara-bolsonaro-seu-pai-homofobico-da-boca-para-fora.html (Accessed April 8, 2020)
MORATO, Edwiges; BENTES, Anna Christina. (2017) “O mundo tá chato”: algumas notas sobre a dimensão sociocognitiva do politicamente correto na linguagem. Revista USP. n. 115, pp. 11-28.
MOUFFE, Chantall. (2018) For a left populism. London: Verso.
NOBRE, Marcos (2019) O caos como método. Piauí. Available at: https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/materia/o-caos-como-metodo/ (Accessed April 8, 2020)
PARAGUASSU, Lissandra. (2019) Brazil's Bolsonaro snubs French foreign minister for haircut. Reuters, July 31, 2019. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-brazil/brazils-bolsonaro-snubs-french-foreign-minister-for-haircut-idUSKCN1UQ21B
PINTO, Joana. (2015) Trajectories of the black female body in Brazil: Circulations of racist and antiracist representations on a TV show. Pragmatics and Society, v. 6, pp. 197-216.
RAJAGOPALAN, K. (2000) “Sobre o porquê de tanto ódio contra a linguagem ‘politicamente correta’”. In: F. L. Lopes da Silva; H. M. M. Moura (orgs.). O Direito à fala – A questão do preconceito linguístico. Florianópolis: Insular, pp. 93-102.
RD1 (2019) Bolsonaro é condenado por declarações a Preta Gil e ao “CQC”. RD1. Available at: https://rd1.com.br/bolsonaro-e-condenado-por-declaracoes-a-preta-gil-e-ao-cqc/ (Accessed April 8, 2020)
REICHMANN, Rebecca (1995) Brazil’s Denial of Race. NACLA Report on the Americas, v.28, n.6, p. 35-45,
ROSALDO, Michelle. (1982). The Things We Do with Words: Ilongot Speech Acts and Speech Act Theory in Philosophy. Language in Society. v. 11, n. 2, pp. 203-237.
Sakamoto (2020) De PIB da banana a golden shower: 8 cortinas de fumaça do governo Bolsonaro. UOL, March 5, 2020. Available at: https://noticias.uol.com.br/colunas/leonardo-sakamoto/2020/03/05/do-pib-pifio-a-golden-shower-7-cortinas-de-fumaca-do-governo-bolsonaro.htm (Accessed April 8, 2020)
SALES JR., Ronaldo. (2006) Democracia racial: o não-dito racista. Tempo social, v.18, n.2, p. 229-258.
SIGNORINI, I. (2014) A Brazilian ex-President’s Public Speech: A Threat to the Existing Order? In: GORRTZEL, T.; ALMEIDA. P. R. (Ed.). The Drama of Brazilian Politics. From Dom João to Marina Silva. New York: kindle Book, p.176-194.
SILVA, Daniel (2019a) Enregistering the nation: Bolsonaro’s populist branding of Brazil. In: I. Theodoropoulou, I. & J. Woydack (Eds) Language and Country Branding. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/39723047/WP252_Silva_2019._Enregistering_the_nation_Bolsonaros_populist_branding_of_Brazil (Accessed April 8, 2020)
SILVA, Daniel. (2019b) The Amazon fires as talking to Bolsonaro. Diggit Magazine. Available at: https://www.diggitmagazine.com/articles/amazon-fires-talking-bolsonaro
SILVERSTEIN, M. Language structure and linguistic ideology. In: CLYNE, P.; HANKS, W.; HOFBAUER, C. (Org.). The elements: a parasession on linguistic units and levels. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society, 1979. p.193-247.
THE GUARDIAN (2018) Who is Jair Bolsonaro? Brazil’s far-right presidente in his own words. The Guardian, October, 29, 2018. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-tropical-trump-who-hankers-for-days-of-dictatorship (Accessed April 8, 2020)
TRAUMANN, Thomas (2019) Bolsonaro usa a ambiguidade como método. Poder 360. Available at: https://www.poder360.com.br/opiniao/governo/bolsonaro-usa-a-ambiguidade-como-metodo-diz-traumann/ (Accessed April 8, 2020)
VARIS, Piia. (this issue) Trump tweets the truth: metric populism and media conspiracy. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada. v. 59, n. 1.
WOOLARD, Kathryn. (1998) Introduction: Language ideology as a field of inquiry. In: Bambi Schieffelin, Kathryn Woolard, and Paul Kroskrity (Eds.) Language ideologies: Practice and theory. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3-47.
BAKHTIN, Mikhail. (1984) Rabelais and his world. Translated by Helene Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
BAUMAN, R.; BRIGGS, C. (1990) Poetics and performance as critical perspectives on language and social life. Annual Review of Anthropology, v. 19, pp. 59-88.
BAUMAN, Richard. (1984) Verbal art as performance. Long Grove: Waveland Press.
BLOMMAERT, Jan (2018) Trump’s Tweetopoetics. Crtl+Alt+Dem, January 19, 2018. Available at: https://bit.ly/34DfnV7. (Accessed April 8, 2020)
BLOMMAERT, Jan. (this issue) Political discourse in post-digital societies. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada. v. 59, n. 1.
BOLSONARO, Jair. 1986. O salário está baixo. Veja, 3 setembro 1986, p. 154.
BOURDIEU, Pierre. (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Transl. Richard Nice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
BRIGGS, Charles (1988) Competence in performance: The creativity of tradition in Mexicano verbal art. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
BRIGGS, Charles. (2005) Communicability, racial discourse, and disease. Annual Review of Anthropology. v. 34, pp. 269-291.
BRIGGS, Charles (2011) On virtual epidemics and the mediatization of public health. Language & Communication. v. 31, pp. 217-228.
BRUM, Eliane (2018) How a homophobic, misogynist, racist ‘thing’ could be Brazil’s next president. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/oct/06/homophobic-mismogynist-racist-brazil-jair-bolsonaro (Accessed April 8, 2020)
CARVALHO, Luiz. (2019) O cadete e o capitão: a vida de Jair Bolsonaro no quartel. São Paulo: Todavia.
CESARINO, Leticia (2019) On Digital Populism in Brazil. PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review. Available at: https://polarjournal.org/2019/04/15/on-jair-bolsonaros-digital-populism/ (Accessed April 8, 2020)
CESARINO, Letícia. (2020) Como vencer uma eleição sem sair de casa: a ascensão do populismo digital no Brasil. Internet & Sociedade. v. 1, n. 1, pp. 91-120.
CESARINO, Leticia. (this issue) How social media affords populist politics: remarks on liminality based on the Brazilian case. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada. v. 59, n. 1.
EMBURY-DENNIS, Tom. (2019) Bolsonaro ambassador threatens to choke Macron and insults wife Brigitte amid Amazon fires row: 'He sleeps with a dragon'. Independent, September 2, 2019. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/amazon-fires-bolsonaro-macron-brigitte-renzo-gracie-brazil-ambassador-a9088356.html (Accessed April 8, 2020)
FERRARI, Hamilton (2018) Bolsonaro é alvo de críticas e elogios por voltar atrás em decisões. Correio Braziliense. Available at: https://www.correiobraziliense.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2018/11/18/interna_politica,720058/bolsonaro-e-alvo-de-criticas-e-elogios-por-voltar-atras-em-decisoes.shtml (Accessed April 8, 2020)
FRANKFURT, Harry. (2005) On Bullshit. Princeton University Press.
Goffmann, Erving. 1974. Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. New York: Harper and Row.
GRICE, H. Paul. (1975) Logic and Conversation. In: Cole, Peter and Jerry L. Morgan. (Eds.) Syntax and Semantics, v. 3, Speech Acts. New York: Academic Press, pp. 41-58.
GUMPERZ, John. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
HABERMAS, Jürgen. (1989) The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
HALL, Kira; GOLDSTEIN, Donna; INGRAM, Matthew (2016) The hands of Donald Trump: entertainment, gesture, spectacle. Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory. v. 6, p. 2, pp. 71-100.
JACQUEMET, Marco. (in press) 45 as a Bullshit artist: Straining for charisma. In: McIntosh, Janet and Norma Mendoza-Denton. (Eds.) Language in the Trump era: Scandals and Emergencies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 107-118
KROSKRITY, Paul (2000) Regimenting languages: Language ideological perspectives. In: KROSKRITY, Paul (Ed.) Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities, and identities. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, pp. 1-34.
LACLAU, Ernesto. (2005) On Populist Reason. London: Verso.
MALY, Ico. (this issue) Algorithmic populism and the datafication and gamification of the people by Flemish Interest in Belgium. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada. v. 59, n. 1.
Maly, Ico. New Right Metapolitics and the Algorithmic Activism of Schild & Vrienden. Social Media + Society, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119856700. (Accessed April 8, 2020)
Maly, Ico. Populism as a mediatized communicative relation: the birth of algorithmic populism. Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies 213, 2018. https://www.tilburguniversity.edu/sites/tiu/files/download/TPCS_213_Maly_2.pdf
METRO (2018) Regina Duarte compara Bolsonaro a seu pai: 'homofóbico da boca para fora'. Metro Jornal. Available at: https://www.metrojornal.com.br/entretenimento/2018/10/26/regina-duarte-compara-bolsonaro-seu-pai-homofobico-da-boca-para-fora.html (Accessed April 8, 2020)
MORATO, Edwiges; BENTES, Anna Christina. (2017) “O mundo tá chato”: algumas notas sobre a dimensão sociocognitiva do politicamente correto na linguagem. Revista USP. n. 115, pp. 11-28.
MOUFFE, Chantall. (2018) For a left populism. London: Verso.
NOBRE, Marcos (2019) O caos como método. Piauí. Available at: https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/materia/o-caos-como-metodo/ (Accessed April 8, 2020)
PARAGUASSU, Lissandra. (2019) Brazil's Bolsonaro snubs French foreign minister for haircut. Reuters, July 31, 2019. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-brazil/brazils-bolsonaro-snubs-french-foreign-minister-for-haircut-idUSKCN1UQ21B
PINTO, Joana. (2015) Trajectories of the black female body in Brazil: Circulations of racist and antiracist representations on a TV show. Pragmatics and Society, v. 6, pp. 197-216.
RAJAGOPALAN, K. (2000) “Sobre o porquê de tanto ódio contra a linguagem ‘politicamente correta’”. In: F. L. Lopes da Silva; H. M. M. Moura (orgs.). O Direito à fala – A questão do preconceito linguístico. Florianópolis: Insular, pp. 93-102.
RD1 (2019) Bolsonaro é condenado por declarações a Preta Gil e ao “CQC”. RD1. Available at: https://rd1.com.br/bolsonaro-e-condenado-por-declaracoes-a-preta-gil-e-ao-cqc/ (Accessed April 8, 2020)
REICHMANN, Rebecca (1995) Brazil’s Denial of Race. NACLA Report on the Americas, v.28, n.6, p. 35-45,
ROSALDO, Michelle. (1982). The Things We Do with Words: Ilongot Speech Acts and Speech Act Theory in Philosophy. Language in Society. v. 11, n. 2, pp. 203-237.
Sakamoto (2020) De PIB da banana a golden shower: 8 cortinas de fumaça do governo Bolsonaro. UOL, March 5, 2020. Available at: https://noticias.uol.com.br/colunas/leonardo-sakamoto/2020/03/05/do-pib-pifio-a-golden-shower-7-cortinas-de-fumaca-do-governo-bolsonaro.htm (Accessed April 8, 2020)
SALES JR., Ronaldo. (2006) Democracia racial: o não-dito racista. Tempo social, v.18, n.2, p. 229-258.
SIGNORINI, I. (2014) A Brazilian ex-President’s Public Speech: A Threat to the Existing Order? In: GORRTZEL, T.; ALMEIDA. P. R. (Ed.). The Drama of Brazilian Politics. From Dom João to Marina Silva. New York: kindle Book, p.176-194.
SILVA, Daniel (2019a) Enregistering the nation: Bolsonaro’s populist branding of Brazil. In: I. Theodoropoulou, I. & J. Woydack (Eds) Language and Country Branding. London: Routledge. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/39723047/WP252_Silva_2019._Enregistering_the_nation_Bolsonaros_populist_branding_of_Brazil (Accessed April 8, 2020)
SILVA, Daniel. (2019b) The Amazon fires as talking to Bolsonaro. Diggit Magazine. Available at: https://www.diggitmagazine.com/articles/amazon-fires-talking-bolsonaro
SILVERSTEIN, M. Language structure and linguistic ideology. In: CLYNE, P.; HANKS, W.; HOFBAUER, C. (Org.). The elements: a parasession on linguistic units and levels. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society, 1979. p.193-247.
THE GUARDIAN (2018) Who is Jair Bolsonaro? Brazil’s far-right presidente in his own words. The Guardian, October, 29, 2018. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-tropical-trump-who-hankers-for-days-of-dictatorship (Accessed April 8, 2020)
TRAUMANN, Thomas (2019) Bolsonaro usa a ambiguidade como método. Poder 360. Available at: https://www.poder360.com.br/opiniao/governo/bolsonaro-usa-a-ambiguidade-como-metodo-diz-traumann/ (Accessed April 8, 2020)
VARIS, Piia. (this issue) Trump tweets the truth: metric populism and media conspiracy. Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada. v. 59, n. 1.
WOOLARD, Kathryn. (1998) Introduction: Language ideology as a field of inquiry. In: Bambi Schieffelin, Kathryn Woolard, and Paul Kroskrity (Eds.) Language ideologies: Practice and theory. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 3-47.
O periódico Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada utiliza a licença do Creative Commons (CC), preservando assim, a integridade dos artigos em ambiente de acesso aberto, em que:
- A publicação se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da língua, respeitando, porém, o estilo dos autores;
- Os originais não serão devolvidos aos autores;
- Os autores mantêm os direitos totais sobre seus trabalhos publicados na Trabalhos de Linguística Aplicada, ficando sua reimpressão total ou parcial, depósito ou republicação sujeita à indicação de primeira publicação na revista, por meio da licença CC-BY;
- Deve ser consignada a fonte de publicação original;
- As opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos artigos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade.
Downloads
Não há dados estatísticos.
